학문 입문 — 자신의 첫 영어 역사 글 'Why do civilizations rise and fall?

본인이 고른 문명: ___________
이유: ___________

Why do civilizations rise and fall?

When we look back at the long story of people on Earth, we see a pattern that
repeats again and again. Small groups gather. Towns grow into cities. Cities
build empires. Empires shine for a while, then slowly fade. New societies rise
on the same land, and the cycle begins once more.

This is the question many history students ask: why do civilizations rise, and
why do they fall? There is no single answer, but a few common reasons appear
across many ancient cultures.

A civilization is more than a large city. It is a society with shared rules, a
shared language, shared art, and a shared memory of the past. Ancient
civilizations grew near rivers because rivers gave them water for farms. Modern
historians often point to four river valleys as early examples: the Nile, the
Tigris and Euphrates, the Indus, and the Yellow River. Since farms produced
extra food, communities could feed people who did not farm / builders, priests,
soldiers, and leaders. This is how culture begins to develop.

Once food is steady, a society grows. Walls rise. Roads connect villages.
Writing appears. Schools and temples spread shared ideas. Trade brings wealth
from far away. A small group of leaders builds a larger empire, often by war
but sometimes by agreement. The empire feels strong and lasting.

But every empire faces problems. Sometimes the climate changes and rivers dry
up. Sometimes farms become tired after many years of use. Sometimes leaders
fight each other for power. Sometimes the gap between rich and poor grows so
wide that the community breaks apart. Outside groups may invade. New ideas may
challenge old beliefs. Slowly, the wealth that built the empire begins to
leave.

The decline is rarely a single sudden fall. It is often a long, quiet drift.
Roads are not repaired. Schools close. Trade slows. People move away. One day,
a new group arrives, and the old empire is only a memory in stories and ruins.

Why study this pattern? Because each civilization leaves a lesson for the next.
Modern societies still face many of the same problems / water, food, fair
leaders, and shared culture. We cannot copy the past, but we can read it
carefully and ask better questions about our own time.

This is one reason history matters. It is not only a story of the past. It is
a quiet mirror for the present.

Cities developed because people gathered.
(사람들이 모였기 때문에 도시가 발달했어요.)

Empires fell because the climate changed.
(기후가 변했기 때문에 제국이 무너졌어요.)

Since rivers gave water, farms grew.
(강이 물을 주었으므로, 농사가 자라났어요.)

Since the gap between rich and poor grew, the community broke apart.
(빈부 격차가 커졌으므로, 공동체가 갈라졌어요.)

○ Cities developed because people gathered. (절 / 주어+동사)
○ Cities developed because of the rivers. (명사구 / of 가 필요)
✗ Cities developed because the rivers. (틀려요 / because 뒤 절 필요)

주제 문장 (1 문장)
── 어떤 문명을 골랐고 그 문명이 일어났는지 무너졌는지 한 줄로.

원인 1 (2~3 문장)
── because/since 한 번 써 보기.

원인 2 (2~3 문장)
── 또 다른 원인 (선택: 두 번째 because/since 또는 일반 문장).

마무리 (1~2 문장)
── 본인이 그 문명에서 배운 교훈 (lesson).

I think the (rise / fall) of the ___ civilization is interesting.

Since ___, the people of ___ ___.
The society could develop because ___.

Another reason is ___.
___.

This civilization gives a lesson for modern societies: ___.

모임 → 농경 → 도시·국가 → 제국·왕조 → 쇠퇴·교체